Questions And Answers On Basic Knowledge Of Plastic Plating-Electroplating

Questions and answers on basic knowledge of plastic plating-Electroplating.
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1. What are the characteristics of hydrochloric acid?
Answer: pure hydrochloric acid is a colorless transparent liquid, which is generally yellow because it contains impurity ferric trichloride. The commonly used concentrated hydrochloric acid contains about 37% hydrogen chloride. Hydrochloric acid is volatile and is a strong acid. Hydrochloric acid is widely used as etching agent in electroplating production.
two。. What are the characteristics of sulfuric acid?
A: the concentration of sulfuric acid solution is 96%, and the specific gravity is 1.84. Concentrated sulfuric acid has water absorption and gives off a lot of heat in the process of water absorption. Sulfuric acid is widely used as etching agent in electroplating production. Because of its low volatility, heating can be used to improve the etching speed.
3. What are the characteristics of nitric acid?
Answer: nitric acid is a kind of oxidizing strong acid, which liberates oxygen when the light is heated and oxidizes other substances, so nitric acid should be contained in brown bottles. It can be widely used as an etching agent in electroplating production.
4. There is a jar of concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid each. Can you tell them apart by visual observation?
Answer: hydrochloric acid is emitting white fog, nitric acid is emitting yellow smoke, and sulfuric acid is smoke-free.
5. How to distinguish sodium carbonate from NaOH?
Answer: sodium carbonate, also known as soda ash, also known as weak alkali, is a white powder, aqueous solution is alkaline, deoiling solution is prepared in electroplating.
Tablet alkali, chemical name sodium hydroxide, is a strong alkali, also known as caustic soda, is a white solid or sheet. Dissolve with water to release heat, easy to burn the skin, electroplating with alkaline bath, blackening, oil removal and other uses.
6. What are solutions, solvents and solutes?
A: a uniform and stable liquid formed by the dispersion of one or more substances into another liquid substance is called a solution. Liquids that can dissolve other substances are called solvents, and substances that are dissolved by solvents are called solutes.
7. What is dissolution and solubility?
Answer: under the action of the solvent, the process in which the solute diffuses continuously to the solvent molecules in the molecular state is called dissolution. At a certain temperature and pressure, a solute reaches the number of grams of saturated solution in 100 grams of solvent, which is called the solubility of the solute in this solvent.
8. What is the solution concentration?
A: the amount of solute in a certain amount of solution is called the concentration of the solution. The main expression methods of solution concentration are proportional concentration, weight percentage concentration, g / L concentration, molar concentration and equivalent concentration and so on.
9. What is proportional concentration?
Answer: the concentration expressed by the weight or volume ratio of solute to solvent is called proportional concentration. The general proportional concentration is marked as weight ratio or volume ratio, if not, the solid is calculated by weight and the liquid is calculated by volume. For example, if you prepare a 1:1 hydrochloric acid solution, mix 1 volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid with 1 volume of water; or if you prepare 1RU 5000 potassium permanganate solution, dissolve 1 gram of potassium permanganate in 5000 ml of water.
10. What is the percentage concentration of weight?
Answer: the concentration expressed by the number of grams of solute in 100 grams of solution is called percentage concentration by weight.
11. What is the concentration of grams per liter?
Answer: the concentration expressed in grams of solute per liter of solution is called gram / liter concentration. Gram / liter concentration is widely used in electroplating production.
twelve。. What is the molar concentration?
A: the molar concentration usually refers to the volumetric molar concentration, that is, the concentration expressed by the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, which is often expressed by the symbol M:
13. What is the equivalent concentration?
Answer: the concentration expressed by the number of grams of solute per liter of solution is called equivalent concentration, which is often represented by the symbol N.

14. What are organic compounds?
A: compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen elements and their derivatives are generally called organic compounds, referred to as organic compounds.
15. What are the differences in properties between organic and inorganic compounds?
A: the differences in some properties between organic and inorganic compounds are shown in the table below:
Organic compounds and inorganic compounds.
Most of the flammability is combustible, but it is easy to decompose when heated, which is generally heat-resistant and not easy to burn.
Most of the melting point is low, and it is not easy to melt below 300 ℃.
Soluble in organic solvent, insoluble in water, insoluble in organic solvent.
Conductive solution or melting does not conduct electricity. General solution or melting can conduct electricity.
Chemical reactions participate in the reaction in the form of molecules and very slowly in the form of ions and the reaction is intense.
The binding form is covalent bond and ionic bond.
16. What is hydrocarbon? What are the main types of it?
A: organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms in molecules are called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons can be divided into open chain hydrocarbons and closed chain hydrocarbons (cyclic hydrocarbons for short) according to their structure. Open-chain hydrocarbons can be divided into alkanes, alkynes and olefins, and closed-chain hydrocarbons can be divided into alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.
17. What are the rules of the molecular formula of alkanes, olefins and alkynes? What is their general formula?
Answer: the number of hydrogen atoms in alkane molecules is equal to 2 times the number of carbon atoms, the number of hydrogen atoms in olefin molecules is equal to 2 times the number of carbon atoms, and the number of hydrogen atoms in alkyne molecules is equal to 2 times the number of carbon atoms minus 2. If n is used to denote the number of carbon atoms in hydrocarbon molecules, the general formula of alkane molecular formula should be CnH2n+2, the general formula of olefin molecular formula is CnH2n, and the general formula of alkyne molecular formula is CnH2n-2.
18. What are derivatives of hydrocarbons?
A: the products in which one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule are replaced by other atoms or groups are called hydrocarbon derivatives, such as 1-butynediol (C4H6O2), sodium dodecyl sulfate (C12H25NaSO4), etc.