Grinding, polishing, and brushing equipment
The purpose of polishing is to smooth the rough and uneven substrate surface. The purpose of polishing is to further smooth the abrasive traces or small rough unevenness after polishing to make it brighter. Some plated parts should be polished again to make the coating bright and beautiful. The purpose of brushing is to remove the thin oxide film, fine mud, and dirt that adhere to the surface of the plated part. The mechanical equipment for grinding, polishing, and brushing is basically similar, and only grinding and polishing machines are introduced here.
1) Grinding and polishing machine
Manually operated grinding and polishing machines have standard-shaped products, which are generally double-station, and the grinding wheel or polishing wheel is directly installed on the tapered threads at both ends of the horizontal spindle. In order to ensure safety and prolong the service life of the wheel, it is strictly forbidden to reverse the axle, otherwise, it will easily cause an accident.
Generally, grinding and polishing machines can be divided into two types: grinding and polishing machines without dust collectors and grinding and polishing machines with dust collectors.
1) Grinding and polishing machines without dust collectors
This type of grinding and polishing machine is generally double-wheeled. One motor can drive the grinding wheels on both sides of the main shaft, or two motors can each drive one grinding wheel. The diameter of the wheel is generally 300~500mm, and the speed is 2000~3000r/min. According to the requirements of use, a polishing wheel can be installed on the main shaft as a polishing machine, and a polishing wheel can be installed as a polishing machine. This type of equipment has a relatively simple structure and a fixed speed. If you want to change the speed, you need to replace the grinding wheel and polishing wheel with different diameters. The variable-speed grinding and polishing machine drives the main shaft through multi-stage pulleys, and the main shaft speed can be selected according to requirements.
2) Grinding and polishing machine with its own dust collector
This type of equipment is equipped with a dust suction fan at the lower part of the base of the grinding and polishing machine. The motor drives the grinding and polishing wheel spindle and the fan impeller spindle at the same time through the pulley so that the dust generated by polishing or polishing is purified by the dust collector and then discharged. in the atmosphere. This type of equipment has a good vacuuming effect, but the mechanical structure is complex, and the underground air duct must be used, which is more troublesome to construct. Since the basic shape and size of the installation of this type of equipment must be strictly matched with the equipment, the equipment should be selected according to the technical parameters provided by the product samples of the production plant. size.
2) Special grinding and polishing machine
When grinding or polishing parts with a single variety and a large batch, in order to improve production efficiency and ensure stable product quality, it is necessary to design and manufacture special grinding and polishing machines according to the surface characteristics of the parts. There are many types of special grinding and polishing machines, mainly as follows.
1) Flat grinding and polishing machine
For parts with simple shapes, such grinding and polishing machines are often used. The structure of the flat grinding and polishing machine is simple. For the grinding and polishing of large plates, in order to ensure the quality of plane processing, the required equipment structure should be more complicated. Generally, the polishing equipment is designed so that the polishing head moves laterally, and the worktable that fixes the workpiece moves longitudinally to reduce the shape of the equipment. size. Grinding and polishing machines for small plane parts can generally be designed so that the polishing head rotating at high speed is fixed, and the longitudinal and lateral movements are completed by the transmission mechanism of the table that fixes the parts. This structure is due to the driving part of the polishing wheel and the rigidity. The better frame is connected, the vibration is small, and the flatness of the workpiece can be adjusted by the slow-moving table.
2) Automatic grinding and polishing machine for ring parts
It is suitable for mass-produced ring parts such as bicycle rims, motorcycle rims, etc. The equipment has two sets of drive systems, one for the rotation of the polishing wheel, and the other for the rotation of the parts. Design the loading and unloading and rotating guide mechanism according to the shape characteristics of the parts, so that the loading and unloading of the parts are convenient and the rotation movement is flexible.
(3) Improvement of grinding and polishing machines
Grinding, polishing, and brushing workpieces are labor-intensive and production conditions are poor, which is the weak link of the entire electroplating industry. In order to improve production efficiency and improve the working environment, some improvement measures have been proposed. However, due to the different shapes, materials, surface conditions, and quality requirements of the plated parts, the improved methods cannot be uniform and must be treated according to the specific conditions of the plated parts.
Improvements that have been adopted are:
①The grinding and polishing of general plated parts are developed towards automation, and continuous multi-wheel automatic grinding and polishing machines are used;
②Before the plated parts are formed, grind and polish the materials for making the plated parts or try to improve the smoothness of the materials, so as to save the polishing process or reduce the number of polishing passes;
③ For parts with relatively small volume, roll polishing is used instead of polishing;
④ Use chemical polishing or electrochemical polishing instead of mechanical polishing;
⑤ Use the electroplating process with good leveling or full brightness instead of polishing.
