Plastic Plating-How can electroplating factories effectively ensure the quality of electroplating products
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If enterprises want to gain market, they can only continuously make the quality of their products meet customer requirements, satisfy customers, and gradually cultivate excellent and lasting quality reputation in front of customers. After establishing an effective plating product quality assurance system and implementing these contents, the ability to adapt to market competition and the effectiveness of management will be further improved. The electroplating product quality assurance system includes three aspects: first, the equipment assurance system; second, the technical assurance system; and third, the management assurance system. These three are interdependent, restrict each other, and promote each other.
1. Equipment support system
1. Reasonably select electroplating equipment (including machines, equipment, tools and hangers).
2. The maintenance of equipment is a necessary condition to ensure electroplating production. Here, only the maintenance of hangers is taken as an example.
① Preservation. The hanging utensils after use must be fully cleaned and properly stored to avoid being eroded by acid and alkali gases.
② Remove excessively thick coating. When excessively thick coating is deposited on the hanging tool, use corresponding stripping solution to remove the coating or use wire pliers to peel off the coating.
③ Trim. The damaged and tilted insulating glue must be repaired in time, otherwise it will not only affect the normal deposition of the workpiece, but will also entrain the solution from the previous process and bring it to the solution in the next process, causing the solution in the next process to be contaminated.
④ Prevent damage. Hanging tools should be stored in different categories to prevent random stacking and placing, and to prevent damage caused by hooking each other.
2. Technical support system
1. The unity of technical reliability and process integrity is the key to improving plating quality
It is not enough to have advanced equipment for electroplating production. To improve the quality of electroplating, the reliability and process integrity of electroplating technology must be matched with advanced equipment to ensure quality. For example: how to pre-treat the plated parts, the size of current/voltage, the choice of plating additives, and the application of brighteners.
2. Electroplating solution circulation stirring technology is an important link in stabilizing and improving plating quality
In electroplating production, plated parts with high quality requirements are completed in a flowing plating solution. Different circulation stirring methods have different effects, including air stirring, cathode moving method, filter filtration circulation stirring method, etc.
3. Filtration of plating solution is a potential factor that cannot be ignored in improving plating quality
To improve the quality of electroplating products, plating solution filtration is a potential factor that cannot be ignored. Filtration must be intensified. The clearer the plating solution, the better the plating quality.
4. Maintenance of plating solution is a necessary condition to ensure plating quality
The maintenance of the plating solution requires the following four aspects of work:
a. Do a good job in the ratio of various components of the solution (including analysis, testing and adjustment);
b. Solution filtration and slag removal;
c. Reuse of solution in production;
d. Treatment of the solution at a certain stage.
The main salt in the solution is the most important factor determining the performance and quality of electroplating. When the main salt concentration is lower than the process requirements, the current efficiency is reduced, the current density is reduced, the tip part is easily burnt, the effect of the brightener is reduced, and even the coating cannot be obtained in the low-current area. When the main salt concentration is higher than the process requirements, the current efficiency will also decrease, and the bath carry-out loss will increase.
The pH value is an important factor in the electroplating process. The pH value of the plating solution must be frequently tested and recorded accordingly. When it exceeds the process range, it must be adjusted in time. The adjustment method is to dilute the acid or base with the same ion as the main salt and then stir it while adding, and you cannot directly add concentrated acid or concentrated alkali to the plating solution.
Temperature is also an important factor affecting product quality. For example, soaking aluminum and aluminum alloys in warm water after conducting oxidation is a necessary protective process. The temperature of warm water should not exceed 50 ° C. Under this temperature condition, the oxidizing solution remaining on the surface of the oxide film can be fully removed, so that the oxide film surface is cleaned, which is conducive to improving the protective performance of the oxide film. Excessive temperature is unfavorable to the quality of the film, which will increase cracks and pores in the film, and reduce the conductive and protective performance of the film. The drying temperature of aluminum and aluminum alloys after conductive oxidation should also not exceed 50 ℃.
Operation time should be strictly controlled. For example, the conductive oxidation of aluminum and aluminum alloys strictly follows the process requirements and the film obtained has good conductive properties. If the oxidation time is too long, the thickness of the film will increase, which will not only affect the conductivity of the film, but the film will also turn khaki and appear old.
Additives have a great impact on the quality of electroplating. In order to prevent insufficient or excessive additives, it is best to increase them frequently according to the consumption. In addition, any chemicals added to the plating tank should have on-duty records, so that when abnormalities occur, they can find out the cause and take timely measures.
3. Quality management system
The quality management system consists of three major systems: quality assurance system, process assurance system, and inspection system.
1. In order to ensure quality, quality assurance system maps can be used to specifically describe when and what work is done by which department in the daily management from the production preparation stage to the plating product shipment stage. Establish internal quality inspection and quality improvement mechanisms, strengthen management when abnormalities occur, and formulate and implement corrective and preventive measures.
2. Establish the correct concept of survival based on quality, and production operators follow the quality principle of "not accepting substandard products, not producing substandard products, and not releasing substandard products." At the same time, use simple inspection methods to carefully carry out self-inspection and mutual inspection. For example:
Anodic oxide films on aluminum and aluminum alloys can be inspected by the following simple methods.
① Observe the color. The surface of pure aluminum on which oxide film has been formed is milky white, while cast aluminum and mixed aluminum are grayish black. Surfaces without oxide films are transparent and bright white, and some surfaces are also covered with pink or gray-black hanging frost.
② Measure the resistance. The formed oxide film has resistance during detection and does not conduct electricity under normal pressure. Conducting electricity during detection when no oxide film has been formed.
③ Scratch. The surface on which the oxide film has been formed is very hard, and it slips without scratches when marking with a needle. The surface without forming an oxide film is very soft, and there is resistance and scratches when scratching with a needle.
④ Listen. A crisp sound occurs when tapping where an oxide film has been formed. If no oxide film is formed, muffled sound occurs during tapping.
③ Coloring inspection. Those that have formed an oxide film can be quickly dyed in dye solution. Those that do not form an oxide film will not dye in dyes.
3. The inspection system includes the following six aspects:
① Setting of checkpoints;
② Preparation and revision of inspection work guidelines;
③ Adjustment of inspection levels;
