Electroplating Knowledge: Basic Principles Of Composite Plating

Plastic plating-Electroplating knowledge: basic principles of Composite plating.
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Composite plating can be divided into the following three types according to different deposition modes.
The main results are as follows: (1) the microparticles are suspended in the plating solution for electrodeposition or chemical deposition, which is called dispersion deposition method.
(2) when the particles are large or heavy, the particles are first deposited on the surface of the matrix, and then precipitated metal is used to fill the gap between the particles. This method is called deposition syntectoid.
(3) the long fiber is buried or wrapped on the surface of the matrix for deposition, which is called embedded deposition method.
It is customary to call the first two methods composite plating, while the latter is called fiber reinforced composite plating.
The process of composite plating is an organic combination of physical process and chemical process. It is generally believed that in dispersion composite plating, the co-deposition process of particles and metal can be divided into several steps: the particles in the plating solution are transported near the surface of the cathode, the particles are adsorbed on the surface of the coated metal, the metal ions are discharged and deposited on the surface of the cathode to form a lattice and the solid particles are buried in the metal layer. The coprecipitated particles form an irregularly distributed dispersed phase in the deposited metal. In the fiber reinforced composite plating, the wound long fibers are arranged regularly. High quality composite coatings can also be prepared by electroless plating.
The transport of particles near the cathode surface mainly depends on the stirring mode and intensity of the plating solution, as well as the shape and arrangement of the cathode. The adsorption of particles on the cathode surface is affected by various factors such as the force between the particles and the electrode, such as the characteristics of the particles and the electrode, the composition and performance of the plating bath and the operating conditions of electroplating. Generally speaking, a particle is considered to have been embedded in metal only if the thickness of the metal layer around the particle is more than half of the particle size. Therefore, the adsorption degree of the particles on the cathode surface, the impact of the flowing solution on the particles on the cathode, and the speed of metal electrodeposition all have an impact on the human embedding of particles in the matrix metal.
In order to prepare an ideal composite coating, not only the particles and fibers themselves are required to be stable, but also the bath should not be decomposed. The particle size or fiber diameter should be appropriate, usually 0.1-10 μ m, but 0.5-3 μ m is the best. In addition, proper stirring is also essential.