Plastic Electroplating-Ni-SiC Composite Electroplating on ABS Plastics.
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ABS plastic has the characteristics of light weight, good plasticity, fine surface and smooth surface, and can be made into different shapes according to needs, but it has some shortcomings such as low hardness and poor wear resistance, which limits its application. Composite electroplating is a surface treatment technology developed by adding composite particles with high hardness and high wear resistance on the basis of ordinary electroplating. Composite plating of ABS can greatly improve the hardness and wear resistance of the coating, expand the application range of ABS plastics, and prolong the service life of the material.
In this paper, using large-size SiC particles as dispersed particles, Ni as matrix metal and ABS plastic as matrix, a new process of electroplating Ni-SiC composite coating on ABS plastic grinding head was selected by coarsening, sensitization, activation (ionic activation and colloidal palladium activation), electroless copper plating, electroless nickel plating, electroplating (copper, nickel), composite plating (Ni-SiC), Hall cell test, friction test and so on. With the organic combination of plastic electroplating and composite electroplating, the light weight and easy processing of plastics and the high hardness and strong grinding force of SiC particles are combined to obtain the composite coating with good adhesion, high hardness and strong wear resistance. Through the systematic research and experiment of each process, and comprehensively considering the economic and technical feasibility and ease of operation, the better technological process and specifications are determined.
The main results are as follows: (1) through repeated experiments, the technological process is determined: first, the plastic surface is metallized by coarsening, sensitization, activation and electroless copper plating, and then copper plating thickens the copper coating to enhance the adhesion between the subsequent coating and the plastic substrate, then pre-plating nickel, and finally electroplating Ni-SiC composite coating. (2) for all kinds of commonly used activation processes, considering the cost and maneuverability, silver nitrate ionic activation solution is selected for activation. (3) in the aspect of metallization of plastic surface, systematic experiments on electroless copper plating and electroless nickel plating were carried out, and the effects of bath formula and electroless plating conditions on stability and plating rate were discussed respectively. According to the experimental results and the materials of the samples, electroless copper plating was finally selected for plastic electroplating pre-treatment. (4) according to the basic principle of hanger design and the actual shape of plastic parts used in the experiment, the electroplating hanger is designed, and the existing equipment is used to transform the Ni-siC composite plating. (5) the properties of the coating were tested, the content of SIC particles in the coating was 20.11 (Vol%) and uniform and dense, and the hardness and wear resistance of the coating were 2.68 and 4.1 times higher than those of pure nickel coating, respectively.
In addition, several noticeable problems in the process are also put forward. (l) coarsening should be moderate. Insufficient coarsening and excessive coarsening will reduce the adhesion of the coating, insufficient coarsening is also easy to expose the plastic matrix, excessive coarsening, plastics are easy to crack. (2) when plating copper, the copper coating must have a certain thickness, which should not be less than 5 cm, so as to prevent the coating from wrinkling after nickel plating, thus affecting the adhesion between the coating and the substrate. (3) the anode sleeve must be used for nickel anode during electroplating, and the anode mud should be cleaned frequently to prevent the transfer of anode mud to the surface of grinding head to produce nickel tumor. (4) Ni-siC composite plating should use lower current density. Because the siC particles do not conduct electricity, the actual surface area of the grinding head is lower than the macroscopic surface area. If the current density is too high and exceeds the allowable upper limit, a large amount of hydrogen will be precipitated, which may disperse the siC particles covered by the surface, and it is easy to make the PH value of the plating solution on the surface of the grinding head rise sharply and form nickel hydroxide deposition, resulting in the deterioration of the coating quality. (5) the thickness of the coating should be equal to the particle size of siC particles. The particles should not only be firmly fixed in the coating, but also prevent the coating from overwrapping the particles so as to lose the grinding effect.
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